Comparison of large-eddy simulations of wakes with wind farm wake parametrizations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model

Wind farm parametrizations are nowadays commonly used to predict the output of wind farms in real-time numerical weather prediction mesoscale models. However, their accuracy both reproduce speed and turbulent kinetic energy fields behind turbines is a matter debate. Here, authors knowledge for first time single turbine, in-built parametrization Weather Research Forecasting model evaluated using detailed large-eddy simulations wake performed with generalized actuator disk that was implemented same modeling system. Thus, fairer evaluation achieved compared previous works, as we try set similar possible within framework. We find types can be provide inflow conditions turbine. Most importantly, by comparing detailed-wake results, area where turbine placed, results at analogous position, velocity deficits differ up 50%. area, vertical profile turbine-generated TKE nearly identical between two simulations. Our findings demonstrate implementation us solid foundation